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A 16th-century Divan of Hafez, Aga Khan Museum, Toronto.
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Poet · c. 1315–1390

Hafez

حافظ

Photo: Daderot, Public domain, Wikimedia Commons

The master of the ghazal, whose Divan sits in nearly every Iranian home and still answers the questions of the heart.

The tongue of the unseen

Shams al-Din Muhammad lived almost his whole life in Shiraz, through wars and changes of ruler, and took the pen name Hafez because he had memorised the Quran. His ghazals, short poems of love and wine, are also poems about God, and about the hypocrisy of those who preach virtue without living it. Iranians call him Lesan al-Gheyb, the Tongue of the Unseen.

The fal

Iranian families keep his Divan close, and on Yalda night, at Nowruz, or whenever a decision is hard, someone makes a wish and opens the book at random. The ghazal on that page is the answer, the fal-e Hafez. Street vendors in Shiraz still sell fals picked by trained canaries.

Visit

Hafez lies in a garden pavilion in Shiraz, the Hafezieh, one of the most visited places in Iran. See the Tomb of Hafez.

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